Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. In this subject, students explore the fundamental aspects of microbiology, including microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and diversity. They delve into the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, host-microbe interactions, and the role of microorganisms in environmental processes. Students also examine applications of microbiology in biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. Through laboratory work and field studies, students gain hands-on experience in microbial culturing, identification, and molecular techniques. This subject prepares students for careers in medical and clinical microbiology, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology research, food safety, and environmental monitoring.